Nunivak Cup'ig language | |
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Cugtun | |
Spoken in | United States |
Region | Central Alaska, Nunivak Island |
Language family |
Eskimo–Aleut
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Writing system | Latin |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Linguist List | esu-nun |
Nunivak Cup'ig or just Cup'ig (own name Cugtun) is a language or separate[1] dialect of Central Alaskan Yup'ik spoken in Central Alaska at the Nunivak Island by Nunivak Cup'ig people (own name Cup'it or Nuniwarmiut). The letter "c" on the Yup’ik alphabet is equivalent on the English alphabet "ch".
The Central Alaskan Yupik who live on Nunivak Island (Nuniwar in Nunivak Cup'ig, Nunivaaq in Central Yup'ik) call themselves Cup'ig (plural Cup'it). Those who live in the village of Chevak call themselves Cup'ik (plural Cup'it). The name Cup'ig (with g) used for Nunivak Island Yup'ik dialect. But, the name Cup'ik (with k) used for Hooper Bay-Chevak Yup'ik dialect.
The Cup'ig dialect is threatened. This fact was documented by Dr. Michael E. Krauss of the Alaska Native Language Center at the University of Alaska and is illustrated on the map. At that time (1975) Krauss indicated, "Some of the children speak the language".[2] Krauss documented continued decline and downgraded the status to "Very few or none of the children speak the language"[3] in 1982.
Today Cup'ig is spoken by elders in the village of Mekoryuk.[4]
Contents |
The comparison of number names in the three dialects
Yukon-Kuskokwim Yup’ik [5][6][7] |
Hooper Bay-Chevak Cup’ik [8] |
Nunivak Cup’ig [9] |
Meaning |
atauciq | atauciq | ataucir | 1 |
malruk | malruk | malzrug | 2 |
pingayun | pingayun | pingayun | 3 |
cetaman | citaman | cetaman | 4 |
talliman | talliman | talliman | 5 |
arvinglegen / arvinelgen | arvinelgen | arwinleg | 6 |
malrunlegen / malrunelgen | malrunelgen | malzrunleg | 7 |
pingayunlegen / pingayunelgen | pingayunelgen | pingayunleg | 8 |
qulngunritaraan | qulngunritaraq | qulngunrita’ar | 9 |
qula / qulen | qula | qula | 10 |
qula atauciq | qula atauciq | qula-ataucir | 11 |
qula malruk | qula malruk | qula-malzrug | 12 |
qula pingayun | qula pingayun | qula-pingayun | 13 |
akimiarunrita’ar | akimiarunritaraq | akimiarunrita’ar | 14 |
akimiaq | akimiaq | akimiar | 15 |
akimiaq atauciq | akimiaq atauciq | akimiar ataucir | 16 |
akimiaq malruk | akimiaq malruk | akimiar malzrug | 17 |
akimiaq pingayun | akimiaq pingayun | akimiar pingayun | 18 |
yuinaunrita’ar | cuinaunritaraq | cuinaunrita’ar | 19 |
yuinaq | cuinaq | cuinar | 20 |
yuinaq qula / yuinaq qulen | cuinaq qula | cuinar-qula | 30 |
yuinaak malruk / malruk ipiaq (Yukon) | malruk ipiaq | malzrug-ipiar | 40 |
yuinaak malruk qula | malruk ipiaq qula | . | 50 |
yuinaat pingayun / pingayun ipiaq | pingayun ipiaq | pingayun ipiar | 60 |
yuinaat pingayun qula | pingayun ipiaq qula | . | 70 |
yuinaat cetaman | citaman ipiaq | cetaman-ipiar | 80 |
yuinaat cetaman qula | citaman ipiaq qula | talliman ipiar qula | 90 |
yuinaat talliman | talliman ipiaq | talliman ipiar | 100 |
tiissitsaaq | tiititsaaq / tiissitsaaq | tiisiss'ar | 1.000 |
qulen tiissitsaat | . | . | 10.000 |
yuinaat talliman tiissitsaaq | . | . | 100.000 |
miilicaaq | . | . | 1.000.000 |
tiissitsaaq miilicaaq | . | . | 1.000.000.000 |
The grammatical numbers:
singular | dual | plural | meaning |
qusngir | qusngig | qusngit | reindeer |
iqalluyagar | iqalluyagag | iqalluyagat | Dolly Varden |
qay'ar | qay'ag | qay'at / qass'it | kayak |
tuutangayag | tuutangayiigeg | tuutangayit | Canada goose |
alpa | alpag | alpat | murre |
qimugta | qimugteg | qimugtet | dog |
The Cup'ig people's school only Lower Kuskokwim School District, Nuniwarmiut School PK-12 in the village of Mekoryuk. English and Cup’ig bilingual education with 32 students [10] is done at this school.
The Russian loanwords used in Nunivak Cup’ig date from the period of the Russian America (1733–1867).
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